Well each Major scale is set up in the same way:

W, W, H, W, W, W, H
(W = Whole step (2 frets), H = Half step (1 fret))

To work out the notes in the F# Major scale (or key) look first at the chromatic scale (all the notes) starting from F#:

F#, G, G#, A, A#, B, C, C#, D, D#, E, F

Then apply the whole-step-half-step formula:
F#, G#, A#, B, C#, D#, F, (F#)

Of course the final F# is just an octave higher than the first.

The idea of the "Circle of Fifths" is just a shorthand version of the above for all of the different Major and Minor scales/keys.