The term “Altered” or “Alt” refers to a Dominant chord, whose 5th and 9th; have been raised or lowered by a half step. Those alterations can result in any combination of:
(1,3,#5,b7,#9)
(1,3,#5,b7,b9)
(1,3,b5,b7,b9)
(1,3,b5,b7,#9)
Applying those formulas to the key of “A”. You will obtain:
(A,C#,E#,G,B#)
(A,C#,E#,G,Bb)
*(A,C#,Eb,G,Bb)*…….to my ears this chord sounds more consonant as the backing for the C blues scale.
(A,C#,Eb,G,B#)
The other extensions for the Dominant 7 chord would be: 9th, 13th. When the dominant chord is functioning as V7, cannot take the 11th, but you can get away using the #11.
You are absolutely right. You do not need to strictly use the minor pentatonics or the blues scale to play
Blues. You can experiment with the Mixo-blues scale, or Modes to obtain a more fresh and original melody.
And the reason that the G# sounds good over the E7 chord, is because the G#, is the major 3rd in the E7...E7=[E,G#,B,D].
Someday I`ll play like in my dreams.equator's Music Page..