3rds, 4ths, 5ths, 6ths, etc., have the same look, regardless of where you are on the fretboard, e.g., the tritone has a look, 7ths, 6ths, etc. Fretted instruments of any form have this look. All other instruments must be learned by rote, to one degree or the other.
Play G bar chord.
Play the major scale a maj 3 below or m6 above the root of G or 1/2 step above the 5th.
That "is" your Phrygian mode. Or another way to say it, this is the scale that gives you G Phyrgian. Altering that scale, gives you the other variations. You can play an Eb scale or play an Eb scale from G. The sound is Spanish.
A F scale is the dorian scale. If you like, play a F scale from G.
A C scale is mixo for G. A 4th above G.
A D scale is lydian for G. A 5th above G or another way, it is the 5th of G. Play from G or from any note of the chord.
You could play a Bm7 arp using the notes of D maj scale in passing and it would still sound lydian. If you want to play lydian for G, play a D melodic minor or a D major with a flat 3rd from any note, you have your lydian b7#11 sound.(G7 altered)
So on and so forth...
Hope this helps a bit more.
A lie goes around the world before the truth gets it's shoes on. (Mark Twain)