Scales:
Starting point of the scale is the ROOT, that's what is also called the key of the song that's based on the scale.
Here is C
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-3---
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Then you have to actually play the scale (the patterns on the fretboard) They change depending on which scale you are playing (major, minor, or modes, among others) but for C major, C minor, etc, the starting point is C
here's C major
-----------------------5-7-8------
------------------5-6-8-----------
------------4-5-7-----------------
------3-5-7-----------------------
-3-5-7----------------------------
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If you want to change Key, go up or down the fret board, but keep the same pattern (add two to every number to play for D major for example, add 4 to play in E, etc.).
I won't give you other patterns, since they are everywhere on this site and on the net