Tonal music has been described as a system of hierarchies in which different classes of chords lead from one chord to another, such as dominant harmony or one of its substitutes resolving to tonic harmony. Establishing such tonal nets centered on the tonic chord is the essence of functional harmony.
Atonality means the absence of a tonal center as the basis for the whole or part of a piece of music. This was one of the radical innovations in music around the second decade of the twentieth century.
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