Short answer is "yes".

Jazz players will often use index finger to cover 2x frets and also pinkie to cover 2x frets in a 6-fret span (middle and ring finger covering the 2x frets in the middle).

Gypsy Jazz guitarists often favour index and middle fingers only for solo runs (adding ring and pinkie for chords).

It's pretty much whatever works best in a practical scenario, but sometimes strict "this finger here" when doing exercises (eg. One finger per fret, but this can also include missed frets anywhere in the middle of the pattern, such as C major scale starting on 8th fret of the low E string.... 8, 10, 12 - A string 8, 10, 12 etc)