This is the blues scale in the key of A
e--------------------------------------------------------5-8
b---------------------------------------------5-8-----------
g-------------------------------5-7-8-----------------------
D-------------------5-7-------------------------------------
A-------5-6-7-----------------------------------------------
E-5-8-------------------------------------------------------
The Pentatoinc is of course different, and it's either Major Pentatonic (mostly in country) or Minor Pentatonic (mostly in Rock & Blues).
Since you know the Major scale perfectly, it's time to learn the modes derived from it.
1-Ionian (the Major Scale)
2-Dorian (same as the Major but change the root to the 2nd)
3-Phrygian (change root to 3rd)
4-Lydian (change root to 4th)
5-Mixolydian (change root to 5th)
6-Aeolian (natual minor,change root to 6th)
7-Locrian (change root to 7th)
Apply the patterns you come up with to different keys.
Also search for Harmonic Minor & Exotic scales, they're so cool to have fun with.
