Good question! A question that is pretty challenging to answer as well. Because every single person must practice a completely different set of skills, every time they practice.
First, you must find your weaknesses.
This is also challenging if you are not even aware of what kinds of things are wrong with your playing.
You must define your goals. Which is also challenging if you are not aware of what is possible to achieve!
My answer probably seems a little bit silly so far... but try to imagine what it might be like to... "cure a sick person"...
You must be aware of the symptoms of many kinds of sicknesses. You must know the patient history. You must then know what medicine to prescribe, knowing full well that you may be wrong and the patient gets worse!
This all takes a great deal of knowledge, experience, testing, etc.
Which is why teaching yourself to play guitar, even off websites or forums is very difficult.... But cmon. You wanna play doctor? Get educated!
If you are going so far as to "plan a goal-oriented schedule" you might as well look for a good teacher in your area. That's already much more further ahead than most people who try to teach themselves.
Most self-taught guitar players just learn songs, and ... maybe a scale or two... and that's kind of it. Maybe writing some songs or jamming with friends, but not really knowing what it is they're doing..
If you want to make serious progress with your guitar playing, follow this guideline. I actually just wrote this out TODAY for my students! Good timing on your question!
You may not have any idea HOW to practice some of these items. Do some research, perhaps. However, you probably have SOME clue. SOMETHING you CAN do for each item, even if it's super simple... Just make sure you do something for ALL of the items on the list.
Don't just focus on one piece of the puzzle.
Guitar Practice Schedule
Picking Technique 5%
Isolate your picking hand and find weaknesses in your economy of motion.
Lead Guitar Techniques 10%
Perfect the execution of your lead guitar techniques so you don’t make mistakes.
Ear Training 5%
Singing intervals, arpeggios, and scales so you can hear and understand music more clearly.
Music Theory [Chords, Scales, Arpeggios, Intervals, Keys] 15%
Study and expand your knowledge of music theory, and how to apply it to guitar playing.
Fretboard Memorization 5%
Memorize the fretboard by looking at it from different angles.
Improvising 20%
Improvise with various restrictions so you force yourself to play in innovative ways.
Songwriting and Recording 15%
Apply your knowledge and develop creativity by composing your own music.
2-Hand Coordination + Speed Building 10%
Isolate your fretting hand and find weaknesses in your economy of motion.
Develop synchronization between your two hands so they work together like cog wheels.
Rhythm and Timing 5%
Perfect your timing so you can play along with music, other people, and sound professional.
Performance + Songs 10%
Practice while standing up, and rehearse your songs!