I think there may be more string manufacturers than guitar manufacturers. ;) Maybe not more string types than guitar *models* but there surly is a bunch. This, http://www.martinguitar.com/strings/string-training.html , from Martin Guitar's page on strings provides a short background on strings.

Also from Martin's FAQ is this;

"Is it safe to use medium-gauge strings on my scallop braced guitar?

Yes it is safe. All of our six-string guitars designed for steel strings have been tested to withstand the tension of a medium gauge string. However, since each top is unique, take note if the top starts to raise abnormally. If this happens, go back to the lighter-gauge strings."

In turn, Gibson has a page that lists gauge recommendations for all their instruments. It does not; however, say 'why' or offer any brand or version suggestions.

Fender doesn't seem to care about gauge... 'No matter what gauge you use...use Fender strings." ;)

PRS lists what their guitars are set-up with and then cautions, "If you decide to change your string gauges from the factory installed string gauges, please be sure to remember that the guitar may need to be set-up to accommodate this change."

I imagine the rest of the manufacturers post some version of all of the above which gives us no meat about string gauge and its affect on guitars. Just remember, heavier gauge leads to more tension. More tension leads to a physical change in the instrument...maybe. :)