In my first serious bout with playing many years ago, I was hardcore enough that in tapping my fingers it almost sounded like my fingernails doing the tapping. A slight stretch but not far off. When I stopped for extended period and then picked up again, I regretted that I had soft fingertips.

No worry about damage to your fingertips, it's a good thing that you have them. It means that your fingers are in the right state for being able to seriously play.

You haven't actually lost feeling but the nerve endings are now covered by a protective, hardened layer that remains as long as you consistently play. Like others said (and me), if you quit for any period of time, the protective callouses go away and you feel with the tips again. The ability to feel will always be there.

Just to reiterate, your fingers are where you want them to be right...