The structural tones are those notes that HAVE to be there. These structural tones usually fall on a dominant beat of a measure. All the other notes in between are just there for colour and to smooth out the melody.
Let's take the first line of Twinkle Twinkle:
Twink-le Twink-le Litt-le Star
C C G G A A G
The first line is how it's traditionally sung and taught to children. You could just play the C once and let it sound until you need to change to the G, then let the G sound until you change to the A and so on.. these are the Structural Tones of this melody.
Now to spice it up a little more:
Twink-le Twink-le Li-i-it-le Star
C C G G A B C B G
This is a very simple example of course.. but you can see that when I got to "Little" I naturally wanted to embellish it by adding a couple of extra notes in there. However, the structure of the melody is still intact... this is how you play a cover song in your own style.. you maintain the structure of the song but spice it up with your own style.