If your guitar has a hard-tail setup (no tremolo), then go ahead and try the heavier strings. There may be a little bit of binding in the nut slots, but since you're only trying something out, I don't think you need to worry about it right away. The tuning may be a little unstable due to the nut slots, and the extra tension may bow the neck a bit more, which will raise the action a bit, but none of this will damage your guitar.

If you have a tremolo tailpiece, you will need to increase the spring tension to compensate for the heavier strings.

If you don't feel that you want to make the change permanent, just go back to the 10 - 46 strings you have been using up to now. If you decide that you like the heavier strings, then when you're ready for a fresh set, you can get your guitar set up properly for the new strings.