Despite early on in his career stating that he only really liked reverb and delay, that has changed.
Songs like Hold Me, Thrill Me, Kiss Me, Kill Me he uses a Whammy wah, he also uses wah effects in songs like Discotheque.
Achtung Baby through to Pop saw him use a lot of stuff like Flanger, Phaser, etc, and lots of distortion.
As their stuff got more polished, I think he began to move towards conventional rack sort of stuff.
As for guitars, I have seen him use a Les Paul, a late 60's strat (big headstock), a Gibson ES-335, ande some sort of Rickenbaker.
Delay still reamins the major effect though I think.
Hope this helps.